What Is Vibe Coding? AI Coding Tools and the Future of Programming

The gap between having an idea and turning it into software has become significantly smaller with the introduction of artificial intelligence. Today, instead of writing every line of code from scratch, developers and non-programmers can describe what they want in natural language and use AI to build, modify, and debug applications.

Vibe Coding is a software development approach in which users focus less on how code is written and more on describing the desired outcome to AI. They then guide the generated result step by step. The concept became so popular that Collins Dictionary selected "Vibe Coding" as its Word of the Year for 2025.

In this guide, we explore how Vibe Coding works, who can benefit from it, and how tools such as Gemini, ChatGPT, Claude, Cursor, GitHub Copilot, Bolt, Replit, and Lovable contribute to AI-powered software development.

What Is Vibe Coding?

Vibe Coding is an AI-assisted software development method in which users describe their requirements in natural language instead of manually writing most of the code. AI then generates or modifies the code required to build the application.

The term Vibe Coding was introduced by Andrej Karpathy in February 2025. With this approach, users review the results and refine them through additional prompts. For example, you can ask AI to create a landing page and then request changes to its design, forms, or functionality.

However, not every instance of programming with ChatGPT, Gemini, or Claude qualifies as Vibe Coding. When developers carefully review, test, and modify AI-generated code, the process is more accurately described as AI-assisted programming. The main difference with Vibe Coding is that the emphasis shifts toward describing an idea and guiding AI rather than manually writing code line by line.

Who Is Vibe Coding For?

One of the biggest advantages of Vibe Coding is that it is not limited to professional software developers. From people with no coding experience to experienced developers who want to test ideas quickly, different groups can benefit from this approach.

Replit also describes Vibe Coding as a way to move faster from an idea to working software.

People With No Programming Experience

If you have an idea for a website or mobile application but do not know programming languages, you can describe your requirements in natural language and ask AI to create an initial version.

However, complex projects, especially those involving sensitive information, payments, or security, still require technical review.

Entrepreneurs, Startups, and Product Managers

Vibe Coding is particularly useful for quickly building a Prototype, MVP (Minimum Viable Product), or Proof of Concept.

Instead of investing significant time and money in full-scale development, teams can first create a functional version of an idea and improve it based on user feedback.

UI/UX Designers and Creative Professionals

They can then review the generated result and make further improvements through additional prompts.

Professional Programmers and Software Developers

For experienced developers, Vibe Coding can act as a development accelerator. It can help create prototypes, build small utilities, and automate repetitive development tasks.

Nevertheless, evaluating code quality, security, and maintainability still requires programming knowledge.

Rapid Idea Testing and Prototyping

One of the best use cases for Vibe Coding is validating an idea before investing in full-scale development.

Rather than building a complex system from scratch, teams can create a simple, functional version and evaluate whether the idea has real potential.

Overall, Vibe Coding is useful for non-programmers, entrepreneurs, product managers, designers, and software developers. However, AI-generated output should never be trusted without proper testing, code review, and expert supervision in sensitive financial, medical, or security-related projects.

Best Vibe Coding Tools

Vibe Coding tools are not limited to a single category of software.

Some tools, such as Gemini, ChatGPT, and Claude, are general-purpose AI assistants that can generate, explain, and modify code. Others, such as Cursor, integrate AI directly into the software development environment. Platforms like Replit and Lovable focus on transforming ideas into functional applications as quickly as possible.

Therefore, when choosing the best AI for programming, you should first identify your goal:

• Do you want to generate a few code snippets?

• Do you want to improve an existing software project?

• Or do you want to build a web application through prompts without dealing with too many technical details?

Let's explore the most important AI programming tools and their applications in Vibe Coding.

Gemini

Gemini allows users to describe an idea in natural language and turn it into a web application, interactive tool, or prototype without setting up a complex development environment.

Its Canvas feature makes this process easier by providing an environment for creating, viewing, and editing code and applications.

Google has also directly used the term Vibe Coding when discussing Gemini's programming capabilities. Therefore, if your goal is to transform an idea into a visual prototype that you can quickly test, Gemini is one of the notable AI coding tools to consider.

Gemini Features for Vibe Coding

Canvas is one of Gemini's most important features for AI-assisted development.

Within Canvas, you can generate an application or code using prompts, preview the result, and modify it through additional instructions or direct code editing.

Canvas also allows users to switch between Preview and Code views and inspect errors and logs.

For example, you can enter the following prompt:

Example Prompt:

"Build a personal finance management application where users can record their income and expenses, view expenses by category, and access a chart showing monthly financial reports."

After generating the initial version, you can request:

"Add a Dark Mode, make the expense chart larger, and simplify the expense entry form for mobile devices."

This creates a development cycle based on describing an idea, generating an application, reviewing the result, and improving it through additional prompts. This iterative process is at the heart of Vibe Coding.

Google has explained that Canvas can generate HTML, React, and web applications and display visual previews. This means that when programming with Gemini, you do not always need to edit code manually. You can describe your requirements in natural language and improve the application step by step. Users with programming experience can also access the Code View.

In more recent updates, Canvas has evolved beyond a simple prototyping tool. It supports customized applications that can use Gemini capabilities and, in some cases, retain data across sessions or users. Gemini can also help troubleshoot certain application errors.

Pros and Cons of Gemini for Vibe Coding

Main advantages:

• Build applications using natural language prompts.

• Preview generated applications directly in Canvas.

• Modify applications through prompts or direct code editing.

• Inspect errors and logs to identify problems.

• Suitable for interactive prototypes and tools.

• Useful for beginners and experienced developers.

Main disadvantages:

• Generated code still requires review and testing.

• Specialized IDEs may offer more control over large and complex codebases.

• A successful preview does not automatically mean that an application is production-ready.

Gemini is particularly useful when you want to turn an idea into a functional prototype quickly and review the result in the same environment.

ChatGPT

ChatGPT is one of the most widely recognized AI tools for programming. It can generate code, explain application logic, debug errors, and improve existing code.

For more advanced Vibe Coding workflows, OpenAI Codex is an important feature. It is a specialized coding agent designed to handle real software development tasks.

OpenAI describes Codex as a tool that supports different stages of software development, including understanding requirements, planning, writing, testing, and reviewing code.

To use Codex, you can use the desktop version of ChatGPT.

When evaluating the best AI for programming, it is important to distinguish between using ChatGPT for basic code generation and using Codex as an agent to work on an actual software project.

ChatGPT Features for Vibe Coding

At its simplest, programming with ChatGPT starts by describing an idea.

For example:

"Build a customer management dashboard that allows users to add customers, search and filter records, and view monthly statistics."

You can then ask ChatGPT to add Dark Mode, validate forms, or improve the mobile layout.

This approach is useful for creating prototypes, generating code snippets, and improving applications step by step.

For more advanced projects, Codex plays a more significant role.

It can inspect a codebase, implement new features, fix bugs, refactor code, and prepare changes for developer review.

Codex can also be used through ChatGPT, IDEs, and terminals, allowing it to work with real project context and multiple files.

For example, instead of specifying every file that needs modification, you can simply ask:

"Add a Wishlist feature to this online store so logged-in users can save products and view them in their profiles."

Codex can identify the relevant files and implement the necessary changes.

Its Code Review capabilities can also help inspect branches, commits, and generated modifications.

Pros and Cons of ChatGPT for Vibe Coding

Main advantages:

• Generate, explain, and modify code using natural language.

• Suitable for beginners and experienced developers.

• Codex supports agentic and multi-step development tasks.

• Available through ChatGPT, IDEs, and terminals.

• Useful for feature development, debugging, refactoring, and code review.

• Can work with real software codebases.

Main disadvantages:

• Generated code must be reviewed and tested before production use.

• Clear project requirements and limitations are necessary for better results.

• Codex availability and usage limits may depend on the subscription plan.

Overall, ChatGPT is a flexible solution for different programming needs, ranging from basic code generation to advanced development workflows with Codex.

Claude

Artifacts is primarily designed for quickly building interactive tools and prototypes, while Claude Code allows users to work more directly with real software codebases.

Programming with Claude can cover everything from creating simple interactive prototypes to making changes directly to an existing project.

This combination makes Claude useful for people who want to build prototypes with minimal coding and developers who need an AI coding agent for multi-step development tasks.

Claude Features for Vibe Coding

For simpler Vibe Coding workflows, Artifacts is one of Claude's most important features.

You can describe your requirements in natural language, and Claude can turn them into tools, visualizations, websites, or interactive components. You can then refine the output step by step.

For example:

"Build a loan calculator that accepts the loan amount, interest rate, and repayment period and displays the monthly payment."

You can then request:

"Add a repayment chart and simplify the page layout for mobile devices."

Artifacts also supports AI-powered applications. This means you can build prototypes that use Claude's capabilities without directly managing API keys during the testing stage.

However, this feature is more suitable for prototyping, testing, and demonstrating ideas. Production applications may require more complete infrastructure.

For more advanced software projects, Claude Code becomes particularly useful.

This agentic coding system can read codebases, edit files, execute commands, and run tests.

For example:

"Add an email-based authentication system to this project and handle form validation errors."

Claude Code can inspect the project structure, identify relevant files, and apply the required modifications.

It is also useful for feature development, bug fixing, refactoring, and automating certain development tasks. It integrates with terminals and VS Code.

Pros and Cons of Claude for Vibe Coding

Main advantages:

• Build interactive tools and applications with Artifacts.

• Suitable for prototyping with limited coding experience.

• Claude Code supports direct codebase interaction.

• Edit multiple files and execute commands and tests.

• Available through terminals and VS Code.

• Useful for feature development, debugging, refactoring, and code review.

Main disadvantages:

• Artifacts is primarily designed for prototyping and may require additional infrastructure for production.

• Claude Code modifications still require testing and review.

• Effective use in complex projects requires a good understanding of the project's structure and requirements.

Cursor

In Cursor, AI is more than a simple code suggestion tool. It can work directly within your project.

It can analyze the codebase, suggest implementation strategies for new features, fix errors, and provide changes that developers can review.

For this reason, Cursor is particularly useful when you move beyond generating small code snippets and need an AI coding agent that can work directly with your actual project files and structure.

Cursor Features for Vibe Coding

With Cursor Agent, you can delegate part of the development process to AI.

The agent can identify and edit relevant files and execute commands in the terminal when necessary.

For example:

"Add a Wishlist feature to this online store so users can save products and access them through their accounts."

Cursor analyzes the project structure and makes the required changes to relevant files.

This allows developers to focus more on the desired functionality rather than every implementation detail.

Plan Mode also allows the agent to inspect the codebase and prepare a development plan before writing code. This feature is particularly useful for larger modifications.

You can also provide files, project sections, images, or screenshots as context.

For example, you can share a user interface design and ask Cursor to implement it in your project.

For more independent tasks, Cursor offers Cloud Agents that work on repositories in separate virtual environments and can create and test changes.

Pros and Cons of Cursor for Vibe Coding

Main advantages:

• Agents can work directly on real codebases.

• Edit project files and execute terminal commands.

• Plan Mode helps evaluate implementation strategies before coding.

• Supports images and project context.

• Useful for feature development, debugging, and refactoring.

• Cloud Agents can handle more independent development tasks.

Main disadvantages:

• It has a more specialized development environment than Prompt-to-App tools, making it less suitable for completely non-technical users.

• Results depend on project context and clearly defined tasks.

• Agent-generated changes should be reviewed and tested, especially in important projects.

Cursor is particularly suitable for developers working on real applications and multi-file codebases, although many development tasks can also be described in natural language.

GitHub Copilot

In addition to code completion, features such as Agent Mode allow Copilot to handle multiple stages of a task and implement changes within a project.

GitHub Copilot Features for Vibe Coding

With Agent Mode, you can describe your goal in natural language.

It can divide a task into multiple steps and continue troubleshooting when errors occur.

For example:

"Add Dark Mode to this online store and save the user's preference so it remains active on future visits."

Copilot can identify the relevant parts of the project and apply changes without requiring you to specify every file manually.

Copilot Cloud Agent is designed to handle development tasks more independently within a repository.

It can inspect a project in a cloud environment, create a plan, make changes on a branch, and prepare the results as a Diff or Pull Request for review.

Therefore, Agent Mode is more suitable for direct AI collaboration inside an IDE, while Cloud Agent can independently handle parts of the development process through GitHub.

Copilot Code Review is also available for reviewing code and pull requests and identifying potential issues.

Pros and Cons of GitHub Copilot for Vibe Coding

Main advantages:

• Direct integration with development environments and GitHub.

• Agent Mode for multi-step development tasks.

• Cloud Agent support for repository-based workflows.

• Useful for feature development, debugging, and refactoring.

• Code Review capabilities.

• Suitable for real-world and multi-file projects.

Main disadvantages:

• More specialized than Prompt-to-App tools for completely non-technical users.

• AI-generated modifications still require review and testing.

• Access to certain agentic and code review features depends on the Copilot subscription plan.

If you perform most of your development work through GitHub and an IDE, GitHub Copilot can become an integral part of your workflow.

Bolt

Bolt or Bolt.new is an AI-powered platform for building websites, web applications, and mobile applications.

Unlike tools such as Cursor and GitHub Copilot, Bolt does not necessarily require an existing project or a preconfigured IDE.

You can describe your idea in natural language, and Bolt can transform it into a functional application.

Its official documentation also describes Bolt as an AI-powered builder for websites and applications.

One of Bolt's biggest strengths is reducing the time between having an idea and creating a working version.

With just a few prompts, you can build a Prototype or MVP without immediately dealing with every detail of software development.

Bolt Features for Vibe Coding

The development process can start with a single prompt.

For example:

"Build a project management application where users can create projects, add tasks, and view task statuses in a dashboard."

Bolt generates the initial version and displays it in a Preview environment.

You can then add features or modify the application's appearance and behavior using additional prompts.

Bolt can also provide essential project infrastructure, including databases, authentication, and file storage.

Other available integrations include GitHub, Supabase, Expo for mobile applications, and Stripe for payment processing.

Pros and Cons of Bolt for Vibe Coding

Main advantages:

• Turn prompts directly into functional websites and applications.

• Suitable for building prototypes and MVPs.

• Preview and Code View in one environment.

• Built-in database and authentication capabilities.

• Integrations with GitHub and Supabase.

• Supports web and mobile application development.

Main disadvantages:

• Large projects and highly customized architectures may require a specialized development environment.

• Complex projects require more prompts and modifications, and Bolt manages its plans based on token consumption.

• A successful preview does not automatically mean that a project is production-ready. Authentication, databases, and payment systems must be tested before launch.

Overall, Bolt is one of the notable tools for Prompt-to-App Vibe Coding.

Its main strength is combining interface creation, application execution, database integration, preview, and deployment in one environment.

This makes it an attractive option for people who want to shorten the journey from an idea to a testable product.

Replit

Replit is another well-known platform for building and running software directly in a browser.

A major part of its current experience revolves around Replit Agent, which can take an initial idea and handle different stages of development, from creating a project and modifying files to testing and preparing an application for deployment.

With Replit, you can start building software from the original idea.

Simply describe what you want through a prompt, and the platform can help you create a working application without requiring extensive initial development environment configuration.

Replit Features for Vibe Coding

The development process can start with a simple request.

For example:

"Build an appointment booking application where users can select their preferred date and time, and administrators can view the reservation list."

The agent can create an initial version and improve it through subsequent requests.

According to Replit's official documentation, Agent can inspect projects, modify files, execute commands, test application behavior, and help troubleshoot problems.

Replit also offers more than just coding capabilities.

Authentication, databases, cloud deployment, and mobile application development through Expo are available within the platform.

In addition, Replit Agent is not limited to a single framework and can work with projects using different programming languages and technology stacks.

Pros and Cons of Replit for Vibe Coding

Main advantages:

• Convert prompts into functional applications.

• Integrated environment for building, testing, and publishing.

• Built-in database and authentication capabilities.

• Agent can execute commands and modify project files.

• Suitable for web and mobile applications.

• Accessible to beginners and professional developers.

Main disadvantages:

• Complex projects still require architectural review and code inspection.

• An application may work in Preview but encounter problems after deployment.

• Output quality depends on prompt clarity and project context.

Replit can be useful for beginners as well as developers who need an integrated development environment.

The available plans may be particularly important depending on the size and complexity of your projects.

Lovable

Lovable is a full-stack AI-powered platform for building, developing, and deploying web applications using natural language.

Users can describe their ideas, and Lovable generates the interface, application logic, and necessary technical components.

Its official documentation describes Lovable as an AI development platform for building and deploying web applications through natural language.

For this reason, Lovable is particularly suitable for people who want to turn an idea into a testable product through a Prompt-to-App workflow without initially configuring a complete development environment.

Lovable Features for Vibe Coding

You can start working with Lovable simply by describing your idea.

For example:

"Build a simple CRM system where I can add customers, update the status of each lead, and view sales statistics in a dashboard."

In Build Mode, Lovable analyzes the request, considers the project context, modifies the required files, and checks the result.

This mode is designed for building features, fixing bugs, refactoring, and making multi-file changes.

Plan Mode, on the other hand, is useful when you want to evaluate the architecture, features, or solution to a problem before modifying the code.

In this mode, Lovable can inspect files, logs, and project context and provide a reviewable plan without changing the code.

Lovable also allows you to edit interface elements directly through Preview.

For backend functionality, you can use Lovable Cloud or Supabase.

GitHub integration and direct deployment through a URL or custom domain are also available.

Pros and Cons of Lovable for Vibe Coding

Main advantages:

• Convert ideas and prompts into functional web applications.

• Plan Mode and Build Mode separate planning from implementation.

• Edit interface elements directly in Preview.

• Full-stack capabilities, including databases and authentication.

• GitHub integration for continued development outside Lovable.

• Direct project publishing.

Main disadvantages:

• Larger projects still require planning, testing, and architectural review.

• Results depend on clearly defined requirements and project context.

• Build Mode and other capabilities are subject to credit and subscription limits.

For founders, designers, and product managers, Lovable offers a fast way to turn ideas into web applications.

If necessary, development can continue through GitHub.

Will Vibe Coding Replace Software Developers?

With the development of tools such as Codex, Claude Code, Cursor, and GitHub Copilot, AI can now perform many software development tasks, including code generation, bug fixing, refactoring, test execution, and even preparing pull requests.

However, current evidence suggests that AI is changing the role of software developers rather than eliminating the profession.

GitHub emphasizes that although AI increases development speed, building secure, scalable, and maintainable software still requires developer knowledge and judgment.

The US Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) also continues to project employment growth for software developers in the coming years.

What is likely to change is the type of skills that become valuable.

Repetitive tasks and boilerplate code will increasingly be handled by AI, while skills such as software architecture, problem-solving, security, testing, understanding user requirements, and evaluating AI-generated output will become even more important.

Therefore, Vibe Coding is more likely to automate certain programming tasks than completely replace software developers.

In the future, developers who can effectively guide coding agents and evaluate their output may build software using faster and significantly different workflows.

Vibe Coding Tools at a Glance

Which Vibe Coding Tool Is the Best?

Vibe Coding is a new approach to software development that uses artificial intelligence to shift the user's focus from writing code line by line to describing the desired goal and outcome.

This approach can accelerate the development of prototypes, MVPs, and even certain real-world software projects.

However, code review, testing, and security remain essential, particularly for complex and sensitive applications.

Choosing the best AI for programming ultimately depends on your project requirements.

Gemini, Bolt, Replit, and Lovable are particularly suitable for quickly building functional prototypes and using Prompt-to-App workflows.

On the other hand, ChatGPT with Codex, Claude Code, Cursor, and GitHub Copilot offer more advanced capabilities for working with existing codebases and professional development workflows.

Ultimately, Vibe Coding should be viewed not as a replacement for programming knowledge but as a powerful way to accelerate software ideation, development, and implementation.

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